Overview of Normocytic Anemia - 1084 Words

Normocytic This is the term that describes a red blood cell that is of normal size. They usually also have hemoglobin content (medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Normocytic) Normochromic anemia, Also known as normocytic anemia. This is the most frequent type of anemia most often happening to males over 85 years old. It is a common problem that occurs to men and women over 85 years old. Symptoms include and are caused by: a reduced production of normal-sized red blood cells even though presence of hemoglobin in the red blood cells is within the standard range; an increased production of HbS as is seen in sickle cell diseases; greater destruction and loss of red blood cells; an increase in plasma volume that is not compensated by anything else; a B2 (riboflavin) deficiency; and a B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency. (Brill Baumgardner 2000). Marked leukocytosis A significant increase in the white blood cell count (the leukocyte count) that is above the normal range in the blood. Inflammatory, it is often the result of infections and therefore exists in certain parasitic infections. It can also occur after strenuous exercise, and following convulsions such as epilepsy, emotional stress, pregnancy and labor, anesthesia, and epinephrine administration. Leukocytosis falls into five categories: 1.Neutrophilia (the most common form; in which neutrophils are elevated) 2.Lymphocytosis (which lymphocyte count is elevated) 3.Monocytosis (leukocytosis in which monocyte count

A Personal Reflection on Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication Free Essays

Study in Karlstad University is my first chance to come abroad. After finishing my unmarried man, I was believing to accomplish a higher grade on concern disposal and I got a opportunity to derive it. After came here I found many international pupils who besides came with the same intent from most corners of the Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on A Personal Reflection on Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the first clip I am run intoing people from so many different parts, who are from assorted individuality, beginnings and of wholly different civilizations, holding different thoughts and perceptual experience of life, in a sense, people from complete different worlds. And when I found myself working in this assignment with two more different nationality ‘s people, the first thing clump me was how to handle them, how I have to pass on. And I think this was the basic idea of this professional accomplishments class: underdeveloped interpersonal and intercultural accomplishments to get by up within a multicultural squad environment. From the talks, readings, and from assorted activities of this class, I discovered some really basic facts to pass on with people from different civilizations and developing a squad with them, every bit good as a batch about ‘different cultural forms ‘ . Harmonizing my acquisition from the literature and the talks, I will advert the thoughts I got about person ‘s feeling to others, the acquisition manners theoretical account, squad functions, Belbin squad functions, group thrust and norms, cultural influence over an person ‘s on the job manner, different cultural facets and forms, and pros and cons of different single working manners. I had the chance to larn these through the group work which exposed chances to detect and see some existent life illustrations every bit good, which happened inside our squad. After traveling through this entire learning procedure I learnt some basic facets to analyse or judge myself as an person and a squad worker. My teammates perceived me wholly as flexible, societal, supportive harmonizing Belbin functions ( squad worker ) , which I found really linked because, most of the people of our continent believe themselves as squad worker. This believes comes from cultural background and realisation of bondage. But subsequently on I came up with a realisation, in some group meetings and some activities ; I have some other functions that suit me like, implementer or maker. But I didn`t realize those function within myself. Those attribute discovered by my teammates. That was what affected them and of class there was a attempt to associate everyone ‘s properties to a certain Belbin squad function ; what made me a Team Worker to them. My analysis in this instance is- everyone is supposed to play different functions in different state of affairs, so we ever try to outdo tantrum the features of the needed function ; particularly in instance of a squad. Personally I am holding with them, and in some instances I found myself implementer if it is required. In instance of other squad members besides, I found all of us seeking to associate everyone ‘s behaviour with a certain Belbin functions ‘ properties. I observed my squad and realized, this relating or comparison is a really common inclination of people, when they have some house thought about fact and world. From the literature and my experience in the group, I learnt the cardinal constituents that affect the consequence of teamwork- abilities of members, Personality of single members, apportioning functions, diverseness, size of squads, member flexibleness, and member penchants. We practiced flexibleness most, based upon our religion on everyone ‘s single capableness and really high degree of committedness for the squad success. In many other instances it might non be possible. And my observation was, it is ever about reacting in right manner to run into the demand of the state of affairs, what we did reall y good. I learnt different forms of cultural patterns which are really much required to be cognizant of, when pass oning with people. I was surprised to see these immense influences of the cultural background over an person ‘s behaviour, perceptual experience and reading of information which I thought was wholly dependent upon single ‘s personality and impression. I learnt about different positions towards clip and nearing information. I find myself strongly in Polychronic, high-context and multiactive form. And I observed these are common characteristics for most of the people from my continent ( Asia ) , Africa and really few European states ( Like France, Italy ) . It was truly a great chance for me to speak to people from different cultural orientation, seek to larn about their common cultural patterns and in conclusion seeking to expose their existent personality bit by bit which is really of import to better communicate in a squad. And, what I learnt from the liter ature is, I did this because I was really much people oriented. A undertaking oriented individual would non believe this manner at all. And I had some opportunities to comprehend my ability to pass on and work within a multicultural squad. Interaction in an international group like us ( Bangladesh, Pakistani, Thailand ) , give us some chance to better apprehension of cultural background, how to move harmonizing clip position, how to pull off ourselves in a diverse conditions to complete our undertaking. And personally I believe that this will impact my mundane life, because our cognition and apprehensions ever is reflected to our activities ; every bit good as it will act upon our ideas and readings. May be I learnt to be more considerate towards people and had thoughts about the differences in behaviour based upon the cultural background. And it evidently is traveling to ease my future surveies in a manner that I learnt to better execute in a multicultural academic squad, had thoughts about the criterion of instruction in other states ; which provided me a better thought of myself sing the countries to which I am strong or to the countries I need to better. This professional accomplishments class was all about developing interpersonal accomplishments to work in a multi cultural squad environment. From my acquisition, I will experience more confident to near people of different cultural background, seek to cognize about their cultural properties foremost and handle them in a manner that better suits them, I ‘ll seek to be more clear about my function in a squad and seek to execute my degree best to optimise the public presentation of the squad. To pass on between people from different cultural backgrounds is non that easy as there are ever possibilities to misinterpret different attacks. So, what I feel is it is really much of import to demo regard for others, seek to be more flexible and develop cultural intelligence which is highly helpful to pass on with people from different civilization in a better manner. From my old background in instruction and acquisition I learnt to be a squad participant and respond in a better manner to do the squad have better result ; and I think my experience from this class will profit my ability to be a better squad participant in a multicultural environment, where I will happen people from far different thoughts and holding different positions towards their function in the squad. So, this is traveling to be a plus point for me to work within a squad where people are from different cultural backgrounds. And the last thing I will advert is the Belbin roles presents a complete set of features which is required for the success of a squad ; so, I will seek to develop the properties that best tantrums me and ever seek to cognize good what function I am required to play in the squad. How to cite A Personal Reflection on Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication, Essay examples

A Day at UNT free essay sample

Everyone rushed to the bus as Griffith started to say â€Å"let’s go guys!† Our destination, University of North Texas. As we were heading to UNT, I did not know what to expect, but the thing I knew for sure was that I was excited. When we got there, the building was a huge maze. As we were walking through the hallway, I saw a distinct, but awesome helicopter that looked like it was taken out of a video game. It had four bright orange propellers. I asked the designer, â€Å"Does it work?† He replied with a huge smile on his face, â€Å"Yes, it does.† He said it in an accent that I did not recognize, so since I didn’t understand him, I said bye and just went along. Walking down the line of inventions, I saw things from a skateboard that was made out of fiberglass, to one of the most amazing things that I had ever seen. We will write a custom essay sample on A Day at UNT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Having a steering wheel of a jet-ski, it had the shape of a rowing boat. It wasn’t like any of the other ones, it had tremendous solar panels that fired the whole boat. I couldn’t resist myself so I had to ask, â€Å"Can I touch it?† He replied to me with a question, â€Å"Would you like to turn it on?† When my ears heard that, I almost fainted. Turning the key, I felt the power that the boat had, it even made me start breathing really hard. Soon after turning it off, he asked me if I would like to know more about the history of it, so I gladly nodded my head. The project started off with an old boat that had a huge hole in the middle. So I asked them why they didn’t just get a better boat instead. He had the most humble answer,† You see, the thing is, we didn’t have enough money to buy a new one, every cent that was used in this project, was fundraised. We had to work hard for what we wanted.† After that, I was speechless. As he went on, I had to ask him, â€Å"So you guys started from scratch?† I guess he didn’t know what to say because he didn’t answer. I’m actually glad that he didn’t, if he was to answer, I don’t know what I would have said. As I looked around, I saw a photo album, it was called â€Å"The Journey.† It contained pictures of all their prototypes and all the struggles that the team had. It ran through my head, I have to show my brother. As I scavenged for him, asking people if I had seen him, I finally found him by a snack stand. We walked together to see the Jet-Boat. When we got there, he wasn’t as amazed as I was, but since he noticed I was really happy with it, he just went with it. Having the history of all their process reminded me of what engineering is. Anyone can have a problem, being an engineer is finding a solution to your problem. Even if it takes you 200 tries. Due to engineering, the world is where it is today. It is an everyday use, you use it from your car, to your cell phone, to even your chairs that you sit on, and that’s what inspired me the most. Without engineering, the world would fall apart.

Selling Alkabeer products in India Essay Example

Selling Alkabeer products in India Essay Selling Alkabeer products in India Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Selling Alkabeer products in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Selling Alkabeer products in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Selling Alkabeer products in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: Selling Alkabeer products in India Introduction The introduction of freshly packed foods into the market was an exceptionally good idea. People get tired of having to cook food from scratch every time they want to eat. These foods range from uncooked to cooked foods that only require reheating before eating. These kinds of foods play vital roles in different social events like weddings, birthday parties and celebrations in different countries (Alkabeer, 2009). When Alkabeer saw the growing market for ready-made food, they grabbed this opportunity and started to make ready-made food. Their business growth was unbelievable after venturing into this untapped market. The Alkabeer group of companies was established more than 30 years ago. Today it stands in mote than 10 countries in all over the world. Some of their products include vegetables, meat, fish and spices. They also range in their production where they specialize in frozen foods, seafood and foods for vegetarians. These products are manufactured, packaged and distributed by the more than 8000 retail outlets they have worldwide. It is ranked number one in Middle East in the â€Å"frozen and processed food category† (Al Kabeer Group of Companies, n.d). The product under investigation The Alkabeer group is â€Å"obsessed with quality in procurement, manufacturing and distribution of frozen foods† (Alkabeer, 2009). Their range of foods is made up of vegetables and fruits, snacks, ready meals, meat and poultry and seafood. These products are made under the most hygienic conditions in their factories using the best kinds of machinery in the world. The vegetables and fruits are ideal for those who do not eat animal products in their wide market. Fresh vegetables are always welcome in any economy, good or bad, they are cheap and very health. Their ready meals include all sorts of parathas. They are convenient for those who do not like cooking. They are cooked, frozen and packed. In their meat and poultry category, they have mutton and boneless meat. Their seafood comprises of prawns, famously known as shrimp, and fresh fish. They also make different types of samosa and cold cuts as snacks. Finally, they make food for children. They have burgers, French fries, different kinds of nuggets and chicken and cheese sticks. Their cost of production is quite high. This is because they do not compromise on quality. In addition, they source out the most expensive ingredients from the most exotic places. Recently, they started growing their own vegetables, fruits and spices. This has helped them to cut down on their expenses. The Muslim population in India is one that grows by day and the Alkabeer group saw the need to cater for the palatal needs of this growing population. In order to get Muslims in India to buy Alkabeer products, sampling will be the best way to promote the products. The sampling can be organized in the most preferred eating-places in India and shopping malls, anywhere with large populations of people. After sampling the products, we will be able to tell from their reaction if they like them or not. Sampling is one way of marketing products. We will have some of the products in restaurants that are frequented by Muslims, so that every time they go there to eat, they are given some of the foods to taste and give feedback. All forms of feedbacks will be accepted, whether positive or negative. We will also have some of our agents set up near mosques and madrassas to allow more Muslims to taste and sample our products. More agents will be sent to Muslim neighborhoods to familiarize the potential customers with the products. We are hoping that the Muslim population in India will be receptive and accommodative about our products as we prepare to introduce these products in their market. These products will be perfect for them because they are known for organizing social events like weddings. Challenges Marketing can sometimes prove difficult especially if the intended market does not produce expected results. According to Ferrel Hartline (, p.24), â€Å"one of the greatest frustrations in marketing is change-customers change, competitors change and even the marketing organization changes†. These changes play a crucial role in the success or failure of a product and service in any market. The Muslim population in India is a significant change for the Alkabeer products but we are hopeful that this new change will bring in additional revenue for the group. In dealing with this challenge, Steve Unger (2012) suggests â€Å"conducting customer satisfaction surveys and focus groups†. Another challenge is that the targeted population might not like the new products. Even with all the efforts that are taken to satisfy the needs of the customers, they might not be pleased with the product or maybe an ingredient in the food. This form of problem will pose serious setbacks in our efforts to engage the Muslim population in India to start using our products. This will also mean that we have to go back to the drawing board about new and improved strategies to capture this population. The problem of the language barrier and conservatism when marketing might pose a threat to the whole process. Muslims are a conservative lot and to approach their women about any product might be difficult, as married Muslim women are not allowed to interact with other men especially in the absence of their husbands. In addition, some of the marketers might not know how to communicate with the customers during the sampling process; this might shift the consumers’ preference back to what they are accustomed. These challenges can be overcome in different ways. First, the Muslim population in India already has their own preferred spices and food that they eat. Introducing the Alkabeer products to them will take a bit of time. Some will be curious about the Alkabeer products, and they will want to try them, this will encourage more others to satisfy their curiosity and in turn attract more Muslims to our stands. Alkabeer products will be advertised in the leading broadcasting stations in India. These stations are trusted by the larger Indian population. This will develop trust between the Alkabeer group and the Muslim population in India, which is the target consumer. Competitors India is Alkabeer’s main revenue earner at 35 percent. This is amidst stiff competition from Allanasons also in India. Allana produces high variety of products with high quality ingredients. Alkabeer products are made from high quality ingredients, which are homegrown making them healthy. Allana offers high quality package variety depending on the product. Alkabeer packaging is high class, safe and attractive depending on the market targeted. The pricing between Allana and Alkabeer is extremely competitive, but Alkabeer’s prices are charged at a premium for high-end consumers. Allana has invested heavily in advertising than sampling, whereas Alkabeer focuses more on sampling because it is believed that tasting is the best way for the consumers to know for sure about their products. Target market Alkabeer products target the Muslim population in India. This population covers 13% of India’s population. It is expected to make up 16 percent of the total population by 2030. Alkabeer products will be concentrated in states and territories with the largest Muslim population. These products will be addressed to Muslim consumers on the move and those who are constantly organizing social events. Ages of consumers do not matter because the products are ideal people of all ages, from children to adults. Consumer buying habits In India, frozen foods are associated with social events and family gatherings. The way the products are packaged is particularly important to consumers, as this will determine if they will buy the products or not. Most consumers in India do not like to try new things especially when it comes to food products. Estimate of market size Internationally, last year saw a total of $24 billion in revenue fro the sale of frozen foods alone. Young people between the ages of 18 and 24 and single folks are the most buyers of frozen foods. More than 300 companies in the world produce and distribute frozen foods. Alkabeer seeks to make 50 million rupees during the first year of operations, and this amount is expected to rise at 40 percent yearly. Distribution structure Alkabeer plans to establish their outlets in areas that are most accessible by their target consumers. The company will contract a leading agency in India to help with logistical matters like transport and providing field agents. Transportation of Alkabeer products is done by air and road depending on the destination. These methods are fast, and they ensure that freshness is maintained in all products. Alkabeer has numerous warehouses for storage of their products. Advertising and sales promotions According to Chamikutty (2007), Alkabeer will contract the leading ad agencies and media houses for their advertisements to reach the wider Muslim population in India. Sampling is the main tool that is used by Alkabeer when introducing their products to new consumers. This ensures that consumers will judge for themselves the quality of their products. The advertising will be pay for the whole advertising. Summary As much as Alkabeer experiences and faces stiff competition in the frozen foods market in India, its innovative products continue to attract their targeted consumers and more consumers in the market. This has made them the leading manufacturer and distributor of frozen foods in India and Middle East. References Al Kabeer Group of Companies. (2009). About us. Retrieved from http://www.al-kabeer.in/about_us.html Al Kabeer Group. (2009). Products. Retrieved from http://www.al-kabeer.com/products.htm Chamikutty, P. (2007, October 3). The Growth of Al Kabeer. The Economic Times. Retrieved from http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/brand-equity/the-growth-of-al-kabeer/articleshow/2424270.cms Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. D. (2004). Marketing strategy. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Unger, S. (2012). Ten Marketing Challenges that Can Make or Break Your Business. Retrieved from http://www.pragmaticmarketing.com/publications/magazine/1/1/01su/

Womens Rights and the Nineteenth Amendment

Womens Rights and the Nineteenth Amendment Free Online Research Papers I believe one of the greatest historical events in American history was the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This â€Å"woman question† spurred a wide-ranging debate about the social role of women that grew out of several major developments that occurred in America. Americans had been unwilling to acknowledge the importance of a woman’s role in society until 1920. Women’s lives were undergoing rapid change due to technological change, industrialization, the expansion of education and the movement of people into the cities. In referring this subject to Prentice Hall’s history textbook, America, Pathways to the Present, that was printed in 1999, I found a surprising little reference to the groundwork that the Women’s Suffrage Movement had made for many years prior to ratification of the amendment. I would like to write this paper on the vast history of the movement that is not presented in the textbook. Many significant events in the women’s movement occurred that led the way to a woman’s right to vote. The text does not mention that in 1869 the National Woman Suffrage Association was formed. The object of this organization was to secure an amendment to the Constitution in favor of women’s suffrage. Another organization, the American Woman Suffrage Association was also formed at this time by those who believed that suffrage should be brought about by constitutional amendments within the various States. In 1890, these two bodies united into one national organization, the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Several women had spoken about suffrage since 1826, but not until this large organization was formed, was a concerted effort made to bring about change. A headquarters was established in New York City. This move made the organization a legitimate body. Three western states, Wyoming, Colorado and Utah adopted state constitutions recognizing voting rights to women. Under the leadership of Grace Wilbur Trout in 1912, the organization began to build a strong lobbying network. She organized a dedicated group of lobbyists who kept the pressure on state representatives, Congressmen and governors. This culminated in Illinois voting passing a bill allowing women the right to vote for President, but not for any other office. This single victory made a great effect on the nation. When the first Illinois election took place in April, 1914, the newspaper headlines noted that over 250,000 women had voted in Chicago alone! This proved to politicians that women represented a huge power in politics. This is not found in the text. One would think that this momentum would alone bring about change, but it took other significant events to gain the country’s attention. These events are also not noted in the textbook. The first is the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913. This well organized demonstration was held in Washington D.C. Nine bands, mounted entries, more than twenty floats and over 5,000 marchers paraded down Pennsylvania Avenue. The participants were carefully selected to represent women and the many areas in daily life that women effect. Nurses in uniform, women farmers, homemakers, women doctors and pharmacists, actresses, librarians and teachers marched with pride. These women came from around the country to march in protest against the political organization of society, from which women were excluded. Of course, all of this was planned for the day before President Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration. Thousands of visitors, mostly men, in town to celebrate President Wilson’s victory watched the women parade. Suddenly, many in the onlookers pushed forward and began to physically jostle the marching women. Verbal insults were hurled. The unruly men nearly stopped the parade but the women pushed through almost in a single file to the concluding spot, the Treasury Building. All of this was done while police officials looked on and, in some cases, joined in on the verbal assault. Many of the women were hospitalized. The crowd at the parade was so large that when president-elect Woodrow Wilson arrived at the train station a few blocks away, very few people were there to greet him. The women who were able to complete the march listened to speakers reiterate the movement’s main points. Thousands of women from around the country came to march in a spirit of protest against the present political organization of society, from which women were excluded. Of course all of this created a great deal of publicity for the movement. Just as we have found in the American civil rights movement, these acts of violence against a non violent protest create publicity and a renewed vigor in the movement. In this case, women had been struggling for the right to vote for more than 60 years. Even though some progress had been made on the state level, it took this non violent march and the attack on the marchers for the national press to take notice. The mistreatment of the marchers by the crowd and the police indifference roused great indignation by the public and led to congressional hearings. These hearings included more than 150 witnesses who made their own statements. One of the outcomes of these hearings was the firing of the superintendent of police of the District of Columbia. The newspaper and magazine headlines were filed with outrage at the men’s behavior. Less than two weeks following President Wilson’s inauguration, a delegation of the movement’s leaders met with the President in regards to their issues. He could see the political benefits by at least recognizing their protests. The wheels of change were beginning to turn which would truly be recognized seven years later. The text book does not mention this important milestone in 1913. There is a time line showing events following the ratification in 1920. It shows Labor Secretary Frances Perkins becoming the first woman to hold a cabinet post under President Franklin Roosevelt’s leadership. It shows how women, in 1942, filled the nation’s factories, making planes, tanks and other goods during World War II. In 1963, Feminist Betty Friedan’s book, The Feminine Mystique, helped inspire a new generation of women’s rights activists. In 1992, Carol Mosely Braun became the first African American woman elected to the United States Senate. Five women were elected to the Senate that year. None of the events on this time line would have taken place without the events leading up to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. I would like to take a little time to write about the social changes that were taking place in America during that time. Despite the economic and political inequality that women faced, new jobs, new educational opportunities and new roles in the home existed. All of this created the â€Å"woman question† that I mentioned earlier. The question came down to whether women should be able to vote? Should they be paid the same as men for doing the same work? Should they be able to control their own property and income? Should they have equal access to higher education and professional jobs? Could a woman control her own social patterns such as appearance, marriage and even birth control? I have already written a great deal about the voting issue. This issue drew huge numbers of women to campaign and support the suffrage movement. Women from various walks of life could agree on this issue and ultimately bring about success. The other questions were more of a personal matter for women. Each woman had a different set of circumstances in her life which dictated her opinions of the issues. American’s lifestyles were becoming easier in some ways and more difficult in others. New technology was making home life easier. As simple as a thing as running water in the home, freed up some additional time in the typical woman’s day. Gradually, the introduction of electricity in the home continued this trend. Electrical devices such as washing machines, quickened a homemaker’s chores and decreased the time spent doing housework. Women did not have to bake or butcher in order to prepare meals. Technology prepared food and clothing, previously a role for the homemaker. Even taking care of the ill, nursing, became a profession and hospitals expanded. This increase in time allowed women to earn advanced degrees and enter professions. As there roles in the job force increased, should they receive the same pay as their male counterparts? In some cases, that debate still exists; however, American women were receiving a paycheck and dealing with sums of money previously out of their control. Dependence of a woman on a man for her financial security became less of an issue. With this came her freedom to make social choices about family, travel, leisure and birth control. Without a woman’s right to vote, all of these issues would have no being, for Congress could have legislated away, or at least controlled, women’s issues. If women could vote for politicians who would address their issues in Congress or even City Hall, they could really control their own destiny. None of this is mentioned in textbooks! Unfortunately, textbooks are becoming picture books. Text writers are lowering their sights for general education. Too many students either cannot or do not want read. Perhaps the visual learning center, the television, is responsible. Bright pictures in textbooks are replacing the written word. If you are not able to produce a photo or creative picture about a subject, the subject is lost and not written about. I believe this has happened in several areas of American history, but especially women’s rights. Like the processed food we buy in the supermarket, we spend very little time thinking about how the resulting product that we are enjoying, made its way into our life. We just want the results and do not appropriately appreciate the effort it took for us to enjoy it. Mr. Loewen questions educational publishers’ motives when they produce textbooks that seem to lose real historical value and turn into photo albums. These publishers are charged with the public’s trust, especially children and young adult’s education. Perhaps less glossy and therefore less expensive books are the answer. These books could be text filled, simpler in design and more honest in their content. Something needs to be done to better educate Americans on America. I chose this subject because I believe that recognizing the rights of women is a major factor in American society. The long struggle was started by a few and has grown throughout the years. History textbooks should really spend more time telling about the early issues and circumstances that brought the issues to the forefront of American social, political and historical attention. I have spent a great deal of time describing the 1913 march in Washington D.C. that I believe was a pivotal point in the movement. History textbooks like to point out significant events that shaped an era or segment of time in American history. This march and the controversy that surrounded it was not mentioned in the text. One would think that it had all the factors that would make it interesting for students to read. It involved two competing foes, at least Americans with totally diverse points of view on the subject. There was action and violence. And then there was an outcome that revolutionized the way America treated half of its population. The results of this parade have shaped American social culture for the last 100 years. The struggle still continues in many areas of American life. Something this momentous should be included in America’s history textbooks. Research Papers on Women’s Rights and the Nineteenth Amendment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Fifth HorsemanAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is ArtCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMind TravelQuebec and CanadaResearch Process Part One

Writing Tips Paraphrasing a Source

Writing Tips Paraphrasing a Source Paraphrasing a Source It can be tempting to quote sources at length when writing a college paper. After all, you’re told to reference your sources, and how better to do that than using the actual words you’ve read? However, most of the time there’s a better option: paraphrasing. But what is paraphrasing? How do you paraphrase a source? And what are the advantages? Let us explain. Paraphrasing vs. Quoting Paraphrasing and quoting are both ways of sharing someone else’s ideas in your own work. When you quote a source, you use the exact words of the person you’re quoting (enclosed in â€Å"quote marks†). But when paraphrasing you need to explain the other person’s ideas in your own words. You might want to paraphrase a source in order to: Demonstrate your understanding of the subject matter Avoid using too many quotations in a document Explain a complicated idea (especially if the original text is hard to follow) Focus on one aspect of an idea that is relevant to your own work In fact, the only time you truly need to quote a source instead of paraphrasing is when the exact wording is important (e.g., because you’re drawing on a key piece of terminology or interpreting the specific words used by an author). In most other cases, paraphrasing will work just as well or better. Remember, though, that you still need to cite a source if you paraphrase it. Even if you have rewritten something in your own words, you still need to show where your ideas come from. 5 Tips on Paraphrasing Rewriting something in your own words can be tricky, but we have some tips: Read the original source carefully to make sure you fully understand it Consider whether you need to paraphrase the passage in full (i.e., with all the details contained in the original) or simply summarize it (i.e., picking out key details relevant to your work) Before you begin writing the paraphrased version, consider how you would explain the passage to a friend Write your paraphrased version and compare it to the original passage to make sure you haven’t missed any important information If you have used any exact phrases or key terminology from the original, enclose these in quotation marks and cite the relevant page numbers If you do all of the above, you should be able to communicate your ideas clearly without having to quote your sources at length every time.

To what extent can we as humans be objective in our understanding of Essay

To what extent can we as humans be objective in our understanding of human behaviour - Essay Example al’s psychic sphere, etc., there has always been a question: to what extend can a human being remain objective while explaining the reasons for another human’s behaviour? After all, being humans, not only we are prone to mistakes, but we also have our own subjective experience, and which is more personality peculiarities, which may – and actually do – influence the way we perceive things and interpret the motives for another people’s actions and other people’s thoughts. People do not perceive the world as it is; their own mind creates a certain picture of the world that differs from the reality, and every person has the picture of his or her own. This was discovered long ago by a Polish engineer Alfred Korzibsky at the beginning of the 20th century. A most interesting saying belongs to him that says ‘The map is not the territory’ (Korzibsky 1933, np); under ‘the map’ our perception of the world is meant, and ‘the territory’ is the objective world itself. Fairly the same concept is reflected in the works of the sophists in the Ancient Greece who were constantly trying to find an answer to the question if it is possible to comprehend the truth, and if anything exists in the human mind apart from opinions? They were the adherents of Phenomenalism: the theory that stated that we only can perceive those ideas that find themselves in our minds, not the real objects of the world as they are all outside of our minds, and therefore it is incorrect and even useless to even try evaluating anybody or anything that is outside our minds. Conceptual biases: the way we as a group collectively organize our mental views, beliefs and perceptions about life and the universe, which influences what we notice, what we seek to learn, and how we interpret phenomena. Personal biases: the individual experiences and personality that form our personal interests, likes and dislikes, characteristics, etc., which influence what and how each of us seeks to learn and

Should the Fed intervene in Asset Bubbles Thesis

Should the Fed intervene in Asset Bubbles - Thesis Example Since hindsight offers perfect or a 20/20 vision, many people opined the US central bank failed in its task to promote healthy and sustainable economic growth for the country, and by extension of being a multi-trillion dollar economy, for the entire world. The advent of a global economy has made potential economic disruptions like bursting of asset bubbles a serious matter to contend with. Economists, politicians and policy makers now pay more attention to the formation of asset bubbles, how these start, how these bubbles could be prevented from growing bigger and what actions can be considered as appropriate if a bubble is clearly identified. It must be admitted that despite the experience of several prior asset bubbles, policy options are still woefully limited. Economists and academic theorists are conflicted on what responses are considered to be the most appropriate in such situations. The experience with asset bubbles is not fairly recent since the phenomena had existed since t he middle Renaissance period. A frequently-used example was the so-called â€Å"tulip-mania† in 1634 up to 1637 in which a few special black tulips fetched the same price as a mansion! Although there are many types of asset bubbles, there is some agreement that bubbles are formed by two causes: the first cause is when financial intermediaries like banks, brokers, brokerage houses and even the central bank (by failing to act and is guilty by default) â€Å"pump† up the price of an asset or a particular asset class; the second cause is when a nation's financial institutions lend to people or groups who are politically connected. The US housing market is a good example of the first cause cited above in creating a bubble. Banks, mortgage lenders and mortgage brokers fed the frenzy by making obtaining a housing loan very easy, even to an extent of giving out mortgages to people who were imminently not qualified for a loan for the reason of not having adequate incomes to pay the monthly amortizations or even approving a loan to non-existent borrowers (bordering on outright fraud). The practice of American banks to originate and distribute (in contrast to other countries in which banks originate and hold) is seen as further hastening the expansion of the housing bubble. Some experts blame complex financial instruments known as derivatives as the prick that finally caused the bursting of the housing bubble; in particular, they liked to cite collateralised debt obligations (CDOs) as the culprit. CDOs were and still are risky investment instruments; these represented an ill-defined asset class, namely derivatives similar to options (puts and calls) and credit default swaps. The second cause is when large sums of monies are lent to people who are politically well connected in a form of financial cronyism. Although not very prevalent in the US and in other Western economies, such practice is contributory to asset bubbles because it results in the misallocati on of scarce financial resources better invested elsewhere. Good examples are the Korean chaebols and the Japanese zaibatsu which are the equivalents of classic American business conglomerates. The bottom line is that cheap funds channelled to the conglomerates cause them to drive up the prices of their

Scientific Theories Essay Example for Free

Scientific Theories Essay One of the major preoccupations of XX’s century scientific philosophers was the development of complex scientific theory explaining how science comes to be and how it works. Since 1900-s several basic theories have been proposed to explain science. This paper aims to provide an overview of those theories especially concentrating on ideas of scientific revolution by Thomas S. Kuhn. Already David Hume in â€Å"A Treatise of Human Nature† noticed, that we can never truly prove the existence of casual laws but we can only perceive them and their consequences. And as we can not know the truth about laws, we can never know the law itself, so it is always open for reconsideration. W.V. Quine went even further by proposing, that even mathematical theorems can from time to time be revised if necessary. Thusly they have created grounds for illogical negativism, under which no statement can be recognized absolutely true. In the 1920-s Moritz Schlicks and Hans Reichenbach offered another view which they called logical positivism. Basically recognizing that no statement can be true or false a priory, logical positivists held that every piece of knowledge is based on logics of â€Å"protocol sentences† based on observable events. In order to be recognized true or false a statement is to meet a verifiability criterion. Only in this case a statement can be recognized meaningful. However, some of the positivists noticed, that even non-verifiable statements may have some cognitive value[1]. In the 1930-s Karl Popper raised criticism against positivist model and introduced a theory based on ideas of practicing scientists. Under his idea scientific progress is achieved by rejection of earlier false theories and creation of a new theory when the old one no longer fits the empiric facts. The new theory is therefore closer to truth. So physics of Aristotle has been replaced by physics of Newton and physics of Newton by the one of Einstein. Every new theory explains the world in new terms and on a new level, Progressive theory has been sharply criticized by Thomas Kuhn in his â€Å"Structure of Scientific Revolutions†, published in 1962. Under his idea, scientific progress is a set of dominant structures, which he called paradigms.   Scientific research passes through stages of â€Å"normal† development including solving of current problems and â€Å"revolutionary stage†. Revolutionary stage or paradigm shift means testing of new theories and assumptions which causes a state of crisis in the old theories, when paradigms are sufficiently unprecedented to attract an enduring group of adherents away from competing modes of scientific activity[2] For Kuhn a new paradigm is not only a new theory, but a totally new view on the world and a new way of thinking. A paradigm is not a new answer to a question, but it is revolutionary new way of putting questions themselves. Core questions of the old paradigm are rejected by a new one as those, which are no longer applicable[3]. Moreover, one paradigm can not be understood in terms of another paradigm, so changing paradigms necessarily causes a crisis. Kuhn explained this using examples from astronomy by noticing that Given a particular discrepancy, astronomers were invariably able to eliminate it by making some particular adjustment in Ptolemy’s system of compounded circles. But astronomy’s complexity was increasing far more rapidly than its accuracy and that a discrepancy corrected in one place was likely to show up in another.[4] Paradigm changes the world itself, and Kuhn offers an example of Lavoisier, who saw nature differently after discovering oxygen[5]. After scientific revolution has happened, communications are to restored between advocates of new and old theories. This is a hard and long lasting process, which often ends by physical death of the â€Å"old† scientists, because Conversions will occur a few at a time until, after the last hold-outs have died, the whole profession will again be practicing under a single, but now different, paradigm[6].   This caused claims of relativism which Kuhn himself denied in the later editions of his book. However, despite of all, Kuhn’s idea have deeply influenced the modern philosophic vocabulary. Such terms as â€Å"paradigm†, â€Å"paradigm shift†, â€Å"normal science† and â€Å"revolutionary science† are now widely applied by scientists and philosophers, especially in social science, political science and international relations theory[7]. Among the latest critics one should mention reasoning by Paul Feyerabend. He noticed, that there were many cases in the history of science, when scientists considered their theories a priory accurate long after some facts are discovered, which demonstrate the weakness of the theory. Under Feyerabend’s assumption there exist certain forms of scientific thinking, which allow scholars to recognize certain theories as scientific. So methodology of science can be pluralistic and include methods from different periods. New methods of reasoning do not substitute old ones, but they enter the scientific cannon together and mutually influence each other[8]. Works Cited Friedman, Michael, (1999) Reconsidering Logical Positivism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press Thomas S. Kuhn (1996) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University Of Chicago Press; 3 edition Fuller S. (2000) Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times. Chicago: University of Chicago Press Bird A. (2000) Thomas Kuhn. Princeton and London: Princeton University Press and Acumen Press Paul K. Feyerabend (1999) Knowledge, Science and Relativism. Vol. 3, Cambridge [1]   Friedman, Michael, (1999) Reconsidering Logical Positivism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p,- 43 [2] Thomas S. Kuhn   (1996) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University Of Chicago Press; 3 edition, p.-10 [3] Fuller S. (2000) Thomas Kuhn: A Philosophical History for Our Times. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.-70 [4] Thomas S. Kuhn   (1996) ibidem, p.-65 [5] Supra note, p.- 118 [6] Supra note, p.-152 [7] Bird A. (2000) Thomas Kuhn. Princeton and London: Princeton University Press and Acumen Press. p.- 113 [8] See: Paul K. Feyerabend (1999) Knowledge, Science and Relativism. Vol. 3, Cambridge University Press

Speech of How to Make Choices :: essays research papers

Every moment in one?s life should not be passed by, but cherished as if it were to be the last moment they live. Taking time to think about the next step in your life is cherishing your life. The choice made in every moment of life will end up affecting you good or bad. One needs to realize that they need to think two steps ahead instead of one and end up falling behind. That is why I have taken the liberty to measure the pros and cons of a tremendous decision about to be made. In this presentation, you will find that I have given much thought into this choice. Just because I get more goods than bad or vice versa, does not mean I did not follow my heart, choosing the decision that will make me happy. Many may not agree with my choice, but I came to realize and thought to myself that ?You know what, that?s not my problem.? There may be consequences to life?s decisions, but we all can learn from mistakes, only mistakes, never regret. If you know how to make good decisions then you can write your life. It takes making the decision to do so on a consistent basis. First, I considered the consequences of my actions. I let long term goals overshadow the thrill of short-term benefits. I have written down on a piece of paper both the short-term and long- term benefits and the short-term and long-term consequences of any action. I took the necessary time I needed to think this decision out to its conclusion. This does not mean procrastinate. That will put me in danger of not controlling my life and/or my business. I will not be able to steer either to the desired outcome. I asked about the benefits and drawbacks that they have experienced. It is important to keep in mind that although others may give advice it is still my task to make a final decision and you must bear the responsibility of it.

Does a Person Need to be Smart to Become a Millionaire Essay

Indeed, an individual’s brilliance is necessitated in order for him/her to become a millionaire. Allow me to explain further. In order to achieve the status of a millionaire, an individual ought to â€Å"realize that making money is just the first step to success† (June.. n. p. ). Of course, for a person to reach such a realization, he or she needs to possess intelligence or brilliance (June.. n. p. ). If he or she is incapacitated and cannot realize this, then he or she will never make it as a millionaire (June.. n. p. ). Simply put, an individual cannot get to the top without starting somewhere and knowing where to start entails being smart (June.. n. p. ). So, yes, a person needs to be smart to become a millionaire (June.. n. p. ). Second, even if an individual has the means to earn money, say through a business, or a regular job, if he or she does not know how to â€Å"grow his or her money† then it is useless, he or she will never b able to save a big amount such as a million (June.. n. p. ). Again here, â€Å"growing the money† requires a great mind (June.. . p. ). An individual should be a critical thinker, knowing where to invest his or her money for it to be able to grow (June.. n. p. ). Clearly, we realize again through the aforementioned that a person needs to be smart to become a millionaire (June.. n. p. ). Third, although a person realizes that he or she ought to make money, and even though he or she knows how to â€Å"grow the money†, if he or she does not know how to â€Å"preserve, keep, and protect it† then it is useless, his or effort will only lead to nothing (June.. .n. p. ). He or she will not become a millionaire if he or she does not have the intellect to â€Å"preserve, keep, and protect it† (June.. n. p. ). For instance, if an individual invested his or her money then it grew, but his wife or her husband, say, requested that a new car be bought, although it is unnecessary to purchase such at the moment and the wife or the husband obliged to getting one without thinking twice or just because he or she was just too emotional (say, excited about having a new car as well) then instead of becoming a millionaire, the money will just be lessened if not totally spent (June.. . p. ). See, an individual who is extremely subjective and cannot be very objective in making decisions with regards to preserving, keeping, and protecting money will never achieve the title, â€Å"millionaire† (June.. n. p. ). Remember that a person who is extremely subjective and cannot be objective is not smart and not being smart leads to loss of money (June.. n. p. ). Therefore, a person needs to be smart to become a millionaire (June.. n. p. ). Fourth, a person needs to know important technical terms in order to become a millionaire (June.. . p. ). Some of these terminologies include the following: †cover trusts, estate planning, asset protection, insurance and other wealth preservation strategies† (June.. n. p. ). Understanding the definitions of each and how it works involves a brilliant mind (June.. n. p. ). If an individual cannot at all be aware of and identify with all these, then there is no guarantee that he or she can become a millionaire (June.. n. p. ). Thus, a person really needs to be smart to become a millionaire (June.. . p. ). Fifth, an individual should be able to accept that to become a millionaire saving and investing should be carried out early in life (June.. n. p. ). If he or she does not realize such fact then he or she cannot be categorized as smart (June.. n. p. ). This is why a person really needs to be smart to become a millionaire someday (June.. n. p. ). Last but not least, a person who thinks that becoming a millionaire can happen overnight is not really a great or critical thinker (June.. n. p. ). A person as such is exactly the opposite of intelligent or smart since he or she depends on luck rather than on certain essentials like industriousness & being wise (June.. n. p. ). For example, he or she may opt to gamble because he or she believes that his or money will double through lotteries, casinos, card games, pyramiding scams etc (June.. n. p. ). A person who does this is not brilliant enough to entertain such thoughts and actually carry it out since it is too risky (June.. n. p. ). On a final note, it takes someone smart to become a millionaire really.

Life on the Road Essay

â€Å"Life on the Road† was in my opinion written to entertain, but also to inform the reader about a hitch hikers life. The author explained the basics of his everyday journeys and how they affected him. He explained how he had to adapt to certain ways of living, from where he would sleep to where he was going to find food the next day. Surprisingly traveling also taught him how to better present himself. For example, he learned to stand, instead of sit while trying to catch a ride. This showed his determination and a more favorable self portrayed image. The lifestyle he was used to living had completely changed. He no longer had luxuries easily handed to him as we Americans do today. I also believed he wrote this article in order for us to recognize the small, but important factors in life that we usually miss considering the busy life most of us lead now a days. Wertz said, â€Å"I was gone only three months, but in those three months I felt heart. † (Wertz, 13). His view on society and life changed completely after his experience on the road. Being alone on the streets forced him to learn how to fend for himself and learn how to interact differently with people. Through out his encounters he learned there is many kinds of people. He met very beautiful people, overly happy people, extremely rude people, and sadly even people suffering worse than he was. Traits he never knew he had like sympathy peeked their head out and taught him that even though he was struggling, there are still a tremendous amount of people out in the world that have it worse than he did. His journey led him through many challenges, but mainly taught him more about how special life really is.

Mozart Essays - Mozart Family, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Free Essays

Mozart Essays - Mozart Family, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Free Essays Mozart Yekaterina Todika Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was baptized in Salzburg Cathedral on the day after his birth as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus. The first and last given names come from his godfather Joannes Theophilus Pergmayr, although Mozart preferred the Latin form of this last name, Amadeus, more often Amade, or the Italiano Amadeo. Whatever the case may be, he rarely-if ever-used Theophilus in his signature. The name Chrysostomus originates from St. John Chrysostom, whose feast falls on the 27th of January. The name Wolfgang was given to him in honor of his maternal grandfather, Wolfgang Nikolaus Pertl. He was the seventh and last child born to musical author, composer and violinist, Leopold Mozart and his wife Anna Maria Pertl. Only Wolfgang and Maria Anna (whose nickname was Nannerl) survived infancy. He was born in a house in the Hagenauersches Haus in Salzburg, Austria, on the 27th of January, 1756. The paternal ancestry of the family has been traced back with some degree of certainty to Fndris Motzhart, who lived in the Augsburg area in 1486; the name is first recorded, for a Heinrich Motxhart in Fischach, in 1331, and appears in other villages south-west of Augsburg, notably Heimberg, from 14th century. The surname was spelled in variety of forms, including Moxarth, Mozhrd and Mozer. His mothers family came mainly from the Salzburg region, but one branch may be traced to Krems-Stein and Wien. They mostly followed lower middle-class occupations; some were gardeners. 2 Though Mozart did not walk until he was three years old, he displayed musical gifts at extremely early age. At the age of four, he could reproduce on the piano a melody played to him; at five, he could play violin with perfect intonation. According to Norbert Elias, it took all of thirty minutes for Mozart to master his first musical composition. The work , a scherzo by Georg Christoph Wagenseiil, had been copied by his father into Nannerls notebook. Below it Leopold jotted: This piece was learned by Walfgangerl on 24 January 1791, 3 days before his 5th birthday, between 9 and 9:30 in the evening. (68) Mozart and his sister never attended school because their father dedicatedly and instructed them at home. Besides music, he taught them German, Italian, Latin, history science, mathematics and law. According to Ruth Halliwell, recognizing his childrens special abilities, Leopold began to devote extra effort to their education-with an emphasis on musical instruction. He became a loving, but exacting, taskmaster. Some time later, he would somewhat ruefully describe to correspondent how from a very early age Nannerl and Wolfgang had learned to wear the iron shirt of discipline. The children themselves probably never relaxed that life could be any different. Wolfgang, no doubt, enjoyed the extra attention and found great pleasure in learning-and in pleasing his father. It was the start of relationship that he would never quite break free of, and the beginning of a career that would consume him altogether.(38} When the six-year-old Wolfgang had provided his extraordinary talents at the keyboard, Leopold was keen to exhibit those talents along with those of his gifted pianists daughter, Nannerl. Thus Leopold undertook a four month tour to Vienna and the 3 surrounding area, visiting every noble house and palace he could find, taking the entire family with him. Mozarts first know public appearance was at Salzburg University in September of 1761, when he took part in theatrical performance with music by Eberlin. Like other parents of this time, Leopold Mozart saw nothing wrong in exhibiting, or in exploiting, his sons God-given genius for music. He took Walfgang and Nannerl to Munchen, for about three weeks from January 12th, 1762, where they played the harpsichord before the Elector of Bavaria. No documentation survived for that journey. Later ones are better served-Leopold was a prolific correspondent and also kept travel diaries. The next started on September 18th, 1762, when the entire family set off for Wein; they paused at Passau and Linz where the young Wolfgang gave his firs public recital at The Trinity Inn, Linz, on October 1st, 1762. Soon afterwards, he amazed the Empress at Schonbrunn Castel and all her royal guests with fasc inating keyboard tricks; playing with the keys covered with a cloth, with his

Biomedical And Biopsychosocial Models

Biomedical And Biopsychosocial Models Health may be defined as ‘the absence of disease and infirmary’ (Stroebe, 2000) or alternatively ‘not merely an absence of disease or infirmary but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (World Health Organisation, 1948). One definition more elaborate than the other, the latter suggesting health is effected by other factors that cannot be physically measured. Since the start of evolution people have looked back to try to explain and understand the factors that influence human functions in relation to health and illness. Many theorists developed perspectives and models of health in order to show health professionals how to promote and improve health in society (Wade although evidence was limited it built the ground work for interesting studies that would link personality to disease (Morrisson & Bennett, 2006). Convincingly, today, it is thought two-thirds of our behaviour can be linked to our health (Morrisson & Bennet, 2006). The biopsychosoci al model is both objective and subjective in its application. With this, a humanistic approach can be taken and it is thought that behaviour disorders appear when self-actualisation is blocked. The dietitian using this model would look at a person’s lifestyle, and social and cultural factors that affect the individual’s health behaviour. Reasons behind this behaviour can be established and methods for changing it to improve health can be established.

Discussion Paper on Utilitarian Theory and Duty Oriented Theory Essay

Discussion Paper on Utilitarian Theory and Duty Oriented Theory - Essay Example This rule is applied directly to a selection of particular actions under particular events (Mill). This implies that there are no fixed principles that can be established before the occurrence of any specific event, and that the particular action that works for the greater benefit of society should be the preferred method. Hence the judgment on what constitutes the ‘greater good’ is of extreme importance when following act utilitarianism. There can be counter arguments to the aforementioned notion because, while the majority’s verdict may satisfy everyone in the short run, it may have negative implications for everyone in the long run. This raises concerns over the guaranteed presence of someone shrewd enough to judge what constitutes the greater good of the society. Rule Utilitarianism:- Rule utilitarianism states that it is our duty to abide by rules designed for the greater total good and produce consequences better than those produced by any other rules. This doctrine is applied to a selection of a set of rules which are then used to determine what to do in particular situations. The primary argument of rule utilitarianism is that there should be pre established rules that define what constitutes the greater good. ... Duty Oriented Theories: Duty oriented theories fall under the category of nonconsequentalists theories. Nonconsequentalists believe that there can be rules to guide moral judgments independent of consequences. The underlying argument of these theories is that the means justify the ends rather than the other way round and if the moral conduct undertaken to achieve an acceptable consequence is incorrect than the entire act is incorrect. There are several theories that follow this school of thought. The divine command theory suggests that moral conduct is judged on the basis of the level of fulfillment of rules laid down by a higher authority. This is an extreme end of the nonconsequentalists theories that seeks to abandon control completely. Emanuel Kant was one of the key contributors to duty oriented ethics. Kant’s theory stems from his arguments about misconceptions about the purpose of life and what makes one happy. He argues that if the purpose of life was to achieve happin ess, we shall all seek gratification and pleasure and believe that it shall lead to happiness. But happiness is not within out power to achieve, and is at times, a matter of luck. He also suggests that if we are to avoid skepticism, our ethics should be rational, unconditional and universal. Kant believes that it is not important that the consequences be of our choice, but the thinking behind our choices. He argues that the only one kind of thing that is inherently good is good will. Kant proposed a categorical imperative that shall guide our moral behavior. The categorical imperative argues that One should act on only those maxims (rules of action)

Michael Murphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Michael Murphy - Essay Example Murphy’s message stands-out from that of the other contenders as it is geared towards enhancing democracy and equality. His campaign team has worked tirelessly to mould their party’s flag bearer into a force with whom to reckon. The candidate has been marketed with a high-end consumer brand through a coherent and comprehensive program of fonts, web designs and logos. The entire graphic designed for his campaign have been made using the same design (Marshment, Stro?mba?ck and Rudd, 2010). This has made it simple for the supporters to adopt the designs when campaigning for their favorite candidate. His personality has also been brought into full public limelight through the publishing of a new novel that details his life experiences and aspirations. The iconization of Murphy has made the electorates feel as if they know him beyond the political circles. His campaign blogs and messages quote his vision that offers a compelling future. His vision clarifies, inspires and foc uses on the progress of the individual members and the entire nation. How are the Three Candidates Positioned? The opinion polls show that the campaign promises being made by Murphy are appealing to most party members as compared to his competitors. The popularity gap has widened recently to 10%. The national polls also place him as the strongest candidate to compete with the opponent from the conservative party in the general elections. The increase in the number of new youth members within the party is associated with his aggressive campaigns of popularizing the party outside the traditional circles. How are the Candidates differentiated from each Other? Murphy has numerous unique characteristics that distinguish his campaign demeanor from other competitors. They include personal charisma, public speaking, listening skills and his positive attitude towards challenges (Rossiter, 2004). Murphy possesses the highest educational qualifications among the contestants with a Masters degr ee in political science and currently pursues an undergraduate degree in economics. This improves his chances as the preferred candidate among the party members in spearheading the efforts geared towards improving democracy. Other leadership qualities that make him be favored by the party delegates include his willingness to make hard decisions, decisiveness, and capability to understand the leadership problems currently facing the party, effective management skills and sharing of other people’s values. Murphy is the only contestant in the race who has some prior experience in good performance within the party leadership. He was entrusted with taking care of the youth affairs which has seen the representation of youths and women in the administrative posts in the party. What are their Strongest Voter Segments? The strongest voter segments for Michael Murphy are the youths and women who believe in change with reference to his earlier performance record. His prolonged status as the youth leader within the party has made him interact with all the party members implying that everyone is aware of his leadership skills. What Messages are they focusing on? The main theme that Murphy is focusing on is the Enhancement of the Democratic Space and Fair Representation of all Groups within the Party. This will place the party at a better position to defeat the Conservatives in the national elections. This is encompassed in his campaign motto of hope and restoration. Murphy is also focusing on reaching the

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Media - Essay Example A very interesting article ha been put forth by renowned writer Naomi Rockler Gladen titled ‘Me against the Media’, where Gladen writes about the struggles faced by herself to teach the very subject –advertising. She writes that the age group between 18-34 has become a target market for most products and services and this group may be known as the â€Å"The Age of Acquisition.† This is because it is people between this very age group that fall prey to all kinds of tricks played by the corporations and companies worldwide in order to carry on their advertising and promotion techniques. She provides the example of the movie â€Å"Father of the Bride† where she helps her students understand how the father was against a big and extravagant wedding for his daughter but how that decision according to the other family members was just outright unacceptable. This is because in today’s day and age of consumerism no person from the younger generations wants to compromise on any kind of usage when it comes to products and services that have carved a niche for them in the market. Despite presenting the clip, Naomi’s students failed to understand how consumerism has taken over globally without students and young people understanding that they are simply being used by big companies in the form of walking talking forms of print media for the sole benefit of the companies. Most of the dream and ambitions that the younger generations have today are closely linked with consumerism. They dream of acquiring products and services that have high brand values and a niche market. So then is it the fault of these big companies and multinationals if these people are putting themselves into the trap? (Gladen, Naomi Rockler) The main problem, Naomi writes, is that the happiest moments that these younger generations possess in their lives are not linked with familial or friendly relations and ties – they are linked with consumerism. Younger people fail to

An Analysis of Data On Rape Crimes

An Analysis of Data On Rape Crimes Introduction I will comment on the value of data and highlight advantages and disadvantages of this data and finally and come up with appropriate business actions that could be taken and enable Russex constabulary to help prioritise their work. Methods of data collection Official statistics are those published by the central Government. This source of statistical information informs the general public about the extent of notifiable offences. Official statistics are easy and cheap to access as you can observe them on the Home Office web page. The second source of statistical information comes from the British Crime Survey (BCS). These statistics are unofficial and the procedures used to gather information are completely different to the first, as the statistical data comes from surveys carried out by the public themselves. The statistics given are based on a large representative sample of the general public about their experiences as victims of household and personal crime. The BCS endeavours to provide a count of crime that consists of episodes not reported to the police, therefore examining the dark figure of crime which is not recorded in official statistics. The British Crime Survey (BCS) is a large random survey of private households, designed to give a count of crime that includes incidents not reported to the police, or those reported to them but not recorded. The main BCS interview takes place face-to-face, with no gender matching of interviewer and respondent. This context is not conducive to accurately measuring levels of highly personal victimisation. Estimates of the level of sexual victimisation obtained by the main BCS are acknowledged to be underestimates Consequently, the survey now makes use of Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI), whereby respondents keyed their responses into a laptop computer themselves. This method provides respondents with an increased sense of confidentiality and minimises interviewer effects. Respondents who answered the self-completion modules were routed through a series of three screener questions, designed to identify whether or not they had been a victim of a sexual offence. If they responded positively to one or more of these, they then answered a series of follow-up questions, designed to elicit the exact nature of the last incident experienced. Data as a management tool Data collection is practical because you cannot manage what you do not measure. Statistics from data enables a police department to make smart judgments and assists them in possibly identifying department and procedural problems. Data collection is also a great gesture to the community, showing law enforcement has the willingness to take an inward look to prevent discrimination. It also displays a true commitment by law enforcement to address community concerns and needs. Data collection gives everyone something to work with even though it might be just a partial solution. With mandatory data collection, officers will be forced to think about what happens during an encounter and what they do and say and possibly what parts should be looked at closer. Data collection provide a basis for important policy changes. Statistical techniques Line Graph A line graph is most useful in displaying data or information that changes continuously over time. The example below shows the Rape of a female from 1993-2005/06 Some of the strengths of line graphs are that: They are good at showing specific values of data, meaning that given one variable the other can easily be determined. They show trends in data clearly, meaning that they visibly show how one variable is affected by the other as it increases or decreases. They enable the viewer to make predictions about the results of data not yet recorded. Unfortunately, it is possible to alter the way a line graph appears to make data look a certain way. This is done by either not using consistent scales on the axes, meaning that the value in between each point along the axis may not be the same, or when comparing two graphs using different scales for each. It is important that we all be aware of how graphs can be made to look a certain way, when that might not be the way the data really is. Rape of a female Long-term national recorded crime trend he rate of rapes on females during this period has dramatically increased (see above). Leah Williams from the Womens Resource Centre stated that there were 1,842 rapes reported in 1985, compared to 14,449 in 2005. There may be a good explanation for this trend. Research by feminist scholars Hanmer and Saunders (1984) cited in Goodey (2005) found that everyday reality of womens encounters of violence by men were not revealed in the BCS because the BCS is not designed to reveal such information. Therefore the number of rapes on females may not have increased during this period, but the number of reports to the police has increased. This suggests that rapes which may have occurred prior 1995 are only being reported to the police in the last decade. This may be due to the social construction of the police changing. There are more female officers now than previously which makes rape victims more willing to talk to female officers than male officers. Society has also changed in order to pr ovide more victim support for rape victims by establishing rape centres for victims. However, Hough (2004) stated in the Guardian newspaper that the BCS shows that the major types of crime have fallen dramatically since 1995, however, recorded crime has increased. This increase is due to the change in the way in which police count crime. In 1998 it was decided that victim reports of crimes will be recorded even if they are doubted. This may be an alternative reason to why there is an increase in rape crimes, as rape is hard to record without sufficient evidence. Reservations over data How accurate are the estimates? Unreported rape may feel that the government cannot do anything about it There are several reasons why the BCS self-completion modules are likely to underestimate the true level of sexual victimisation in England and Wales for women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ general survey errors associated with response, sampling and coverage in particular, the BCS does cover institutions, the homeless or women under the age of 16, which excludes some high risk women à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the crime context of the BCS may lead to some women not reporting incidents they do not view as criminal, particularly where the perpetrator is known à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the screener question format will exclude women who do not identify with the particular terminology used in the questions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the BCS interview is not always conducted in private and the presence of other people in the room may inhibit disclosure, especially if this includes the perpetrator of an attack. Conclusion actions and recommendations Sexual offence statistics could be improved by enhanced police procedures, and by having better facilities to encourage a greater willingness of victims to come forward. The sexual crime reduction team are committed to tackling sexual offences and to providing the right support for victims. Better facilities have been introduced through the introduction of 13 sexual assault referral centre across the country. The Government want to make these multi agency services for victims available on a national basis, along with a rape help line. Low reporting rates to the police particularly occur in the area of rape, where the respondent might find it embarrassing or difficult to talk about the attack. However, this problem is trying to be countered out. Computer assisted self-interview forms have been introduced for issues such as sexual attacks. Even so much of this area of offences is still missed as victims might want to stay in denial, and keep the fact that they have been a victim of a sexual assault within their sub-conscious, due to finding it to painful to think about. Further specialist training for sexual offence cases should be undertaken by officers. As a result of these services, victims should feel more confident from the outset that their case is treated with professionalism and empathy. In turn, it will improve theirs and others confidence in the criminal justice system. Ultimately, this enhanced approach should lead to more reporting, recording and subsequently more realistic statistics. Offer tips for rape prevention. Wider use of rape clinics, and awareness of these.

Genesis Notes :: essays research papers

Genesis 1-11 Cosmological Stories Etiology- deep human question that a story answersGenesis 1: How many days did it take for God to make the earth?Seven 1. Lighta. Nightb. Day2. Sky3. Dry landLet water divide Vegetation4. Stars Genesis 2:How were man/woman created?Man from dust, Woman from ribWhy do people want to marry? They are to leave their parents to go with their spouseWhat is our purpose?To watch over the Garden and the worldAdam- from Adamah- thing from dirtRuach- God ¡Ã‚ ¦s breath, wind, spirit- makes Adam a living beingEve- mother of all living things; 1st womanEden- delight, place for Adam and EveAnthropomorphic- having human-like qualitiesImmanent- God very presentTranscendant- outside, beyond, detached from creationOmniscience- All KnowingAutonomous- free to chooseSin-1) disobedience2) pointing the finger3) blaming someone else4) don ¡Ã‚ ¦t accept responsibility Genesis 4"h Sons of Adam and Eve:"h Cain- farmer; rep of agrarian culture"h Abel- Shepherd; rep of nomadic culture"h Themes:"h Jealousy and murder"h Origins of violence"h Forsaking responsibility"h Mercy and capital punishment"h Gifts to God"h Cain- fat portions"h Abel- fruit of the earth"h God favors Abel"h Cain kills Abel out in the field"h God tries to get a confession by asking and not accusing"h Cain is the first murderer"h Capital punishment"h Penalty:"h Gets a mark for"h Protection"h Punishment"h Guilt"h Banished to land of Nod"h Land of wandering"h Form of guilt"h Settled existenceGenesis 5"h Geneology- family line "h Begins with Adam -> NoahGenesis 6:9  ¡V 9:17 Terms:"h Gilgamesh"h Babylonian myth of flood"h Gilgamesh becomes a god"h Same as Moses"h God of Babylonians can ¡Ã‚ ¦t sleep because of racket so he floods the earth"h 40"h May be a symbol for a long time"h Constantly used in the bible"h Berith"h Covenant, promise"h God makes Beriths"h Put your life in Beriths"h Hebrew tradition"h Terrah"h Saving vessel"h "h Dove"h Peace"h New Command"h All can be food for people"h Don ¡Ã‚ ¦t eat animals for food "h Except they can have life blood"h You may not kill people"h Capital Punishment"h God will ProvideGenesis 12-50 Patriarchal Stories"h Rooted in specific time/ place"h Main characters"h Are social unlikelies from the same family with which whom God makes a Berith"h All experience a theophany"h Manifestation of God"h Berith involves Land and Blessing extended to the future"h Foundation for J, C, I"h Judaism"h Christian"h Islam, Muslim"h Rich in drama and suspense"h Cliffhangers!"h Names reveal character of person, place"h Isaac means laughter"h Abraham means father"h Nomadic"h Everyone is on the move"h Ger"h Wanderer, sojourner, pilgrim"h First father"h

Purpose and Meaning of Education Essay

Poverty is my pride, struggle is my way of life, education is my weapon and love of Allah is my strength. (Hazrat Mohammad PBUH). Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research, or simply through auto-didacticism. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Islam has put great stress on Education. The very first word of the first revelation was â€Å"Iqr’a† means read. The Holy Qur’an emphasizes more that seeking of knowledge is compulsory upon every man woman. Islam has given very clear instructions for the Education and has made it compulsory for all the genders equally. The purpose of education according to Islam is to serve the humanity in every possible way and lead a peaceful life by obeying the commandments of Allah (the only creator of the e ntire universe). Lack of education is the root cause of every trouble and misery. It is education only by which we can bring change, peace as well as prosperity in the world. Our aim should be clear in this regard that the only possible way to make human life as better as we can is education only. We know very well that education is the only weapon which is the best anti-biotic to every evil cause. We can destroy every evil strength through this weapon and bring desirable changes in every part of the globe. Today when we look at the world we find it divided on the bases of religion, race, colour, caste, creed and tribe. Sectarian and ethnic discrimination has drawn the boundaries of hate and egotism. We can overcome all these by spreading education in the entire world and make it a way towards social and global brotherhood on the basis of humanity. Past history proves that human is the most furious creature on this planet which is why today we see this bloody picture and insecurity all over the world but if we adopt the education in our characters and deeds we can surely make this world a better place to live on. When we speak about standard education it means there should be same and qualitative education across the world so that every human being can seek it in the very same like others do. Standard education will destroy the poverty, misery, and hunger from the world. No any other human doctrine can stop the destruction of human beings except the education as it the need of the hour as well as the only way for the survival of humanity. Conclusion. From the above mentioned facts and realities it is quite clear that the meaning, purpose and cause of education should be to serve the humanity without any kind of discrimination on the basis of equality so that we can make our world a place better to live on peacefully and purposefully.

Men and Mice

Literature Criticism Essay In essence, Of Mice and Men is a novella about dreams and aspirations. John Steinbeck sets the novel linked to the American Dream during the 1930s Great Depression, when high unemployment made plenty of poor drifters struggle in California with a naive assumption of starting a new life by owning a small piece of land. The two mostly represented characters under that background, George and Lennie, who are itinerant workers from California searching for work on ranches in Soledad, share an innocent dream of â€Å"live off the fatta the Ian† (14). Hence, dreams re integrated with hope, reality, and fate.Firstly, as a true reflection of the 1930s Great Depression in American, the story suggests that the nature of human dreams is a hope to escape from grim reality with the integral point of being independent and living happily. By creating dreams, the life is infused with a driving motive of ambition; while, without dreams and aspirations, life would lack direction and meaning, which is possible to make human sinking into despair. To George and Lennie, the dream of having a small acreage farm means Joys of self dependence, ecurity, and being their own boss, like: â€Å"we'll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens.And when it rains in the winter, we ‘II Just say the hell with goin to work, and we'll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an' listen to the rain comin' down on the roof†Nuts! † (14-15) Through the comparison to other ranch hands, George recognizes that he cannot simply accept such a meaningless life with the grind and poverty of working on ranch, as George described in the book: â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don ‘t belong no place†¦They ain't got nothing to look ahead to. â€Å"(13-14) This makes George believe that Lennie and him are in a unique situation, because they share a â€Å"sym biotic relationship† ( Halyersmcq) by depending each other to provide a sense of yearning for a small land to dwell in happiness, after their enduring hardship on ranch. So, this is why George claims that â€Å"With us it ain't like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. † (14) Secondly, through Lennie ‘s killing of Curleys wife which eventually results in their dream lost,Steinbeck shows his audience that Just simply having and sharing a dream is not enough to bring it to reality, due to the unavoidable obstacles. Each person must be aware that obstacles against their dream tend to be difficult but not insurmountable, as long as they work hard and focus entirely on the eventual objective; otherwise, the dream would be never within reach, or even crushed by the cruel world. The intellectual handicap of Lennie limits the possibility of achieving their dream, which makes George feel that it is always hard to keep Lennie out of trouble and keep them on track for dream.As a result, Lennie's innocent preoccupation with touching soft objects becomes the undoing of their dream in the end. In the story, when Lennie strokes the hair of Curley's wife by irritating herself, he tries to make her calm with yelling that â€Å"Oh! Please don't do none of that, George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain't gonna let me tend no rabbits. â€Å"(91), but finally Lennie unintentionally kills her of did that. George'll be mad. â€Å"(92) At this point, it is the seeming desire of Lennie to keep dream safe but actually his fixation on the hair of Curley ‘s wife that destroys heir dream eventually.Therefore, this irony also confirms the ultra negative assertion from Crooks, who is a black stable-hand in the novel, that it is as impossible for ranch hands to get as a piece of land. â€Å"l seen hundreds of men come by on the road an' that same damn thing in their heads. Hundreds of them. They come, an' they quit an' go on; an' every damn one of 'em's got a little piece of land in his head. An' never a God damn one of 'em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Ever'body wants a little piece of Ian'. I read a plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It's Just in their head.The're all the time talkin' about it, but it's Jus' in their head. â€Å"(74) Thirdly, the idea that dream is to a large extent reigned over by the philosophy of fate is reinforced in the story. Steinbeck hints to the reader that â€Å"fate keeps you set where you are, and no matter what you do, fate will keep you controlled by what is available to you in your life style. â€Å"(Haylersmcq) In the story, because George and Lennie are unable to enjoy their position in the ranch all the ime, they desire to own a piece of land and start a new life; but yet fate is against them and breaks their dream, when the goal seems Just within their grasp.Then, George and Lennie are â€Å"once again stuck w here they had started, with nothing. † (Haylersmcq) Perhaps, this ending makes George to some extent perceive that their dream is bound to be a failure regardless how much effort they make, due to the uncontrolled fate. So, this is why he says softly to Candy at the end of story that â€Å"†l think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed we'd never do her. He usta like o hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would. (94) However, another main character, Slim, who is known as â€Å"the prince of the ranch† (33), seems different from George and Lennie in the story, because he is not enslaved by dreams; instead, he shows his happiness and satisfaction on working as a mule skinner in the ranch. Steinbeck's depiction on Slim makes him a bit of a perfectionist with charismatic personality and excellent skills, as: â€Å"†¦ capable of driving ten, sixteen, even twenty mules with a single line to the leaders. He was capable of killing a fly on the heeler's butt with a bull whip without touching the mule.There was a gravity in his manner and a quiet so profound that all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great that his word was taken on my subject, be it politics or love. This was Slim, the Jerkline skinner. † (33) It allows us to see that Slim is one of those odd and rare individuals who are able to find and accept their position in the work and life, instead of to challenge the fate, because the nature of this acceptance is a kind of inner peace which could let people have a clear vision of what they want to get (Mwestwood).To conclude, in Of Mice and Men, dreams are integrated with hope, reality, and fate. The nature of dreams is a hope but there are still obstacles to overcome in reality. In addition, dreams are controlled by the fate, which is always so irresistible and unchallenged that to accept your position in the world is more important than to have a dream. Reference List 1 . Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguim, 1993. 2. Hylersmcq. Characters dreams for a better life within mice and men? Web. Jan 28, 2012. 3. Mwestwood. Why doesn ‘t Slim share other men ‘s dreams in Of Mice and Men?

8 Jobs Where You Can Be Your Own Boss

8 Jobs Where You Can Be Your Own Boss working hard and never seeming to get anywhere? your salary doesn’t stretch that far and there are few raises on the horizon? your coworkers don’t seem to be pulling the same weight you are, and yet you feel totally stuck in the hamster wheel of the working world? maybe it’s time to consider being your own boss for once. this doesn’t need to be a pipe dream. there are careers out there in which you can determine your own salary, work on your own terms, and the sky can be the limit.here are 8 jobs where all this and more could be possible if you work hard enough.1. real estate agentyou’ll need at least a high school diploma, plus a real estate license, but then you can earn an average wage of between $50 and $111k per year. real estate agents work on commission, so the more properties you sell, the more you’ll make. houses, commercial buildings, plots of land, farms, you name it. if you can sell it, you can earn. and remember that commissions will be higher the higher the value of the property. focus on the high-end stuff and start raking it in.2. real estate brokerfor the same amount of education and training, you can make even more money (an average of $80-$167k per year). as a broker, you can sell properties yourself and also manage an agency of other sellers, earning a percentage of their sales and overseeing the business as a whole. in this job, the amount you can earn is almost limitless. start as an agent, and work your way up.3. medical device saleswith a bachelor’s degree- or just a high school diploma, you can earn an average of between $50 and $165k per year. as sales jobs go, this is one of the most complex. it requires a great deal of knowledge of the products, and a great talent for selling things to doctors and medical professionals who are wary of being sold to. you might also have to be trained in demonstrating your products in action. it’s a demanding and competitive field, but can be incr edible lucrative and flexible.4. freelance writingthe education required is utterly negotiable, but the rewards are high. if you have the talent, you have the opportunity to write all over the internet- from blogs to website content to articles, whatever you can find. the first jobs are often the hardest to find, but success builds more and more success.you’ll want to be familiar with blog platforms like wordpress and online media. once you get started, your only limit is the amount of time you can devote to writing more and more pieces.5. insurance sales agentyou’ll need a high school diploma or a bachelor’s degree, but the money can be excellent. some of these jobs pay a fairly standard salary, but some offer a smaller salary and the potential for enormous commissions. you’ll need to put your money where your mouth is and perform, but if you’re up for it, you can really make bank.6. sales manageryou’ll have to work your way up in sales fir st in order to get to this level, but you can nearly double your money if you’re good enough. you’ll manage your own sales team, but also have the ability to make sales on your own in addition. that means commissions for you, plus a percentage of your subordinates’ commissions. you’ll need to be a good leader as well, able to motivate people to perform almost as well as you.7.  personal finance advisoryou’ll need a bachelor’s degree, but you can make anywhere from an average of $118 to $153k per year. this is another job that works mostly on commissions. you’ll have to have a sound financial mind and a knowledge of how the market works, in order to help clients manage their investments, but it can pay off for you as well.8.  sales engineeryou’ll need a bachelor’s degree for this position as well, but the monetary potential is solid. sales engineers sell scientific and tech products to companies and corporations. youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll need a good base in sales, plus the ability to manage relationships and assert your skills with confidence. public speaking, technical presentations, and sweet talking will stand you in good stead too.so if you’re drudging away for the man and don’t feel you’re earning up to your full potential, consider breaking free of the mold and taking the courageous steps towards building your own self-determined career.

Lessons Learned from Ovarian Cancer Survivor Stories

Lessons Learned from Ovarian Cancer Survivor Stories An ovarian cancer diagnosis may bring to mind grim statistics instead of optimistic ovarian cancer survivor stories. Why? The numbers can be discouraging. Each year, approximately 22,000 women are newly diagnosed with the disease. An estimated 14,000 die from ovarian cancer (OC) yearly. Every woman diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) knows at least one BC survivor she can look to with hope and questions. But ovarian cancer is diagnosed more infrequently and often at a later stage. OC patients are typically older, and the symptoms of ovarian cancer can be confused with any of a number of illnesses. In its earliest and most curable stage, there may not be any physical symptoms, pain or discomfort. For these reasons, you may not know an ovarian cancer survivor. Perhaps the only celebrity you may have heard of  with ovarian cancer was the comedian Gilda Radner, whose Gildas Club (now named the Cancer Support Community) provides a meeting place for those with cancer to build emotional and social support.   Their Survivor Stories SHARE (Self-Help for Women with Breast or Ovarian Cancer), was the first national hotline offering peer-to-peer support for women with ovarian cancer. The survivors staffing the hotline  share their stories of how they were diagnosed and how they fought back. Hotline callers often ask them for their own experiences, seizing each survivor story as a lifeline of hope and inspiration. The inspiration is profound. In one hotline training group, women from 40 to 70 revealed that theyd recovered from Stage 2, 3, and even Stage 4 ovarian cancer. They learned from each other that even if OC recurs, it can be successfully treated. Many new treatment options have been developed that long-term survivors didnt have available when they were diagnosed. Progress is being made for treatment and diagnosis. The rate of diagnosis has slowly fallen over the past two decades, according to the American Cancer Society. Making women aware that ovarian cancer exists and that they should seek out medical care if they experience any symptoms can help them get treatment earlier. The Ugly Stepsister Ovarian cancer has been called the ugly stepsister of female cancers because OC doesnt get the same kind of attention as breast cancer. The advantages of mammograms, the habit of monthly self-exams, the instant recognition of a pink ribbons meaning, and the widespread availability of support groups have been advanced by breast cancer awareness and advocacy. In comparison, ovarian cancer awareness and advocacy are still in their infancy. Groups like Gildas Club, SHARE, Ovarian Cancer Research Fund Alliance (OCRFA), the National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, and others are educating women about the disease. But the meaning of the teal-colored OC ribbon is still largely unknown. Ignoring Your Health Women know what to do when they feel a breast lump. But the uncertainty clouding the often vague symptoms of ovarian cancer makes it hard for women to take action. You may  brush things under the rug when youre not feeling well. Because women tend to the needs of others, they can become adept at ignoring our own. A woman who experiences tiredness, weight loss and loss of appetite can think these are just normal reactions to the stresses and pressures of her life. Not Simply in Your Head You sense when somethings wrong, even if you cant put your finger on it. The SHARE ovarian cancer hotline volunteers, hear from countless women who say that they had a nagging uneasiness over subtle changes that worsened over time. But because most of them are (or have been) caregivers, they are  afraid of being hypochondriacs. They are reluctant to take time away from others to focus on themselves. When you finally take the time to see a doctor but come away without answers, and are made to feel as if your dis-ease may simply be in your head, how many call it quits? Your Own Best Advocate I am alive today because I didnt let my first inconclusive visit to a doctor be my last. I saw a nurse practitioner, an OB-GYN, a surgeon, and a family practitioner before the necessary tests were ordered and an accurate diagnosis was made. Fortunately, my OC was caught at Stage 1 and the prognosis for full recovery after a hysterectomy and chemotherapy was very good. When it comes to ovarian cancer, you have to be your own best advocate. If youre reading this because you may have some of the symptoms, but youre afraid of an ovarian cancer diagnosis, dont let the fear stop you from seeking medical help. Like every other form of cancer, early detection is the key.